diff --git a/install/data/defaults.json b/install/data/defaults.json
index 6884f351b5..076a1435d0 100644
--- a/install/data/defaults.json
+++ b/install/data/defaults.json
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@
     "sitemapTopics": 500,
     "maintenanceMode": 0,
     "maintenanceModeStatus": 503,
-    "votesArePublic": 0,
+    "voteVisibility": "privileged",
     "maximumInvites": 0,
     "username:disableEdit": 0,
     "email:disableEdit": 0,
diff --git a/public/language/en-GB/admin/settings/reputation.json b/public/language/en-GB/admin/settings/reputation.json
index e4fff22620..a78d0e3fd5 100644
--- a/public/language/en-GB/admin/settings/reputation.json
+++ b/public/language/en-GB/admin/settings/reputation.json
@@ -2,7 +2,10 @@
 	"reputation": "Reputation Settings",
 	"disable": "Disable Reputation System",
 	"disable-down-voting": "Disable Down Voting",
-	"votes-are-public": "All Votes Are Public",
+	"vote-visibility": "Vote visibility",
+	"vote-visibility-all": "Everyone can see votes",
+	"vote-visibility-loggedin": "Only logged in users can see votes",
+	"vote-visibility-privileged": "Only privileged users like admins & moderators can see votes",
 	"thresholds": "Activity Thresholds",
 	"min-rep-upvote": "Minimum reputation to upvote posts",
 	"upvotes-per-day": "Upvotes per day (set to 0 for unlimited upvotes)",
diff --git a/src/socket.io/posts/votes.js b/src/socket.io/posts/votes.js
index 05e2ce5198..cd0b6f3b9b 100644
--- a/src/socket.io/posts/votes.js
+++ b/src/socket.io/posts/votes.js
@@ -91,7 +91,14 @@ module.exports = function (SocketPosts) {
 		]);
 		const cidToAllowed = _.zipObject(uniqCids, canRead);
 		const checks = cids.map(
-			(cid, index) => isAdmin || isMod[index] || (cidToAllowed[cid] && !!meta.config.votesArePublic)
+			(cid, index) => isAdmin || isMod[index] ||
+			(
+				cidToAllowed[cid] &&
+				(
+					meta.config.voteVisibility === 'all' ||
+					(meta.config.voteVisibility === 'loggedin' && parseInt(uid, 10) > 0)
+				)
+			)
 		);
 		return isArray ? checks : checks[0];
 	}
diff --git a/src/upgrades/3.8.2/vote-visibility-config.js b/src/upgrades/3.8.2/vote-visibility-config.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e39b8738fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/upgrades/3.8.2/vote-visibility-config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/* eslint-disable no-await-in-loop */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const db = require('../../database');
+
+module.exports = {
+	name: 'Add vote visibility config field',
+	timestamp: Date.UTC(2024, 4, 24),
+	method: async function () {
+		const current = await db.getObjectField('config', 'votesArePublic');
+		const isPublic = parseInt(current, 10) === 1;
+		await db.setObjectField('config', 'voteVisibility', isPublic ? 'all' : 'privileged');
+		await db.deleteObjectField('config', 'votesArePublic');
+	},
+};
diff --git a/src/views/admin/settings/reputation.tpl b/src/views/admin/settings/reputation.tpl
index 1786596c30..b086439498 100644
--- a/src/views/admin/settings/reputation.tpl
+++ b/src/views/admin/settings/reputation.tpl
@@ -14,9 +14,13 @@
 					<input type="checkbox" class="form-check-input" id="downvote:disabled" data-field="downvote:disabled">
 					<label for="downvote:disabled" class="form-check-label">[[admin/settings/reputation:disable-down-voting]]</label>
 				</div>
-				<div class="form-check form-switch mb-3">
-					<input type="checkbox" class="form-check-input" id="votesArePublic" data-field="votesArePublic">
-					<label for="votesArePublic" class="form-check-label">[[admin/settings/reputation:votes-are-public]]</label>
+				<div>
+					<label for="voteVisibility" class="form-check-label">[[admin/settings/reputation:vote-visibility]]</label>
+					<select id="voteVisibility" data-field="voteVisibility" class="form-select">
+						<option value="all">[[admin/settings/reputation:vote-visibility-all]]</option>
+						<option value="loggedin">[[admin/settings/reputation:vote-visibility-loggedin]]</option>
+						<option value="privileged">[[admin/settings/reputation:vote-visibility-privileged]]</option>
+					</select>
 				</div>
 			</div>