diff --git a/internal/database/two_factor.go b/internal/database/two_factor.go
index 470652d29..90eef9b92 100644
--- a/internal/database/two_factor.go
+++ b/internal/database/two_factor.go
@@ -106,21 +106,3 @@ func IsTwoFactorRecoveryCodeNotFound(err error) bool {
 func (err ErrTwoFactorRecoveryCodeNotFound) Error() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("two-factor recovery code does not found [code: %s]", err.Code)
 }
-
-// UseRecoveryCode validates recovery code of given user and marks it is used if valid.
-func UseRecoveryCode(_ int64, code string) error {
-	recoveryCode := new(TwoFactorRecoveryCode)
-	has, err := x.Where("code = ?", code).And("is_used = ?", false).Get(recoveryCode)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Newf("get unused code: %v", err)
-	} else if !has {
-		return ErrTwoFactorRecoveryCodeNotFound{Code: code}
-	}
-
-	recoveryCode.IsUsed = true
-	if _, err = x.Id(recoveryCode.ID).Cols("is_used").Update(recoveryCode); err != nil {
-		return errors.Newf("mark code as used: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/internal/database/two_factors.go b/internal/database/two_factors.go
index f4a140bfe..9469dc4d0 100644
--- a/internal/database/two_factors.go
+++ b/internal/database/two_factors.go
@@ -110,6 +110,28 @@ func (s *TwoFactorsStore) IsEnabled(ctx context.Context, userID int64) bool {
 	return count > 0
 }
 
+// UseRecoveryCode validates a recovery code of given user and marks it as used
+// if valid. It returns ErrTwoFactorRecoveryCodeNotFound if the code is invalid
+// or already used.
+func (s *TwoFactorsStore) UseRecoveryCode(ctx context.Context, userID int64, code string) error {
+	return s.db.WithContext(ctx).Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		var recoveryCode TwoFactorRecoveryCode
+		err := tx.Where("user_id = ? AND code = ? AND is_used = ?", userID, code, false).First(&recoveryCode).Error
+		if err != nil {
+			if err == gorm.ErrRecordNotFound {
+				return ErrTwoFactorRecoveryCodeNotFound{Code: code}
+			}
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "get unused recovery code")
+		}
+
+		err = tx.Model(&recoveryCode).Update("is_used", true).Error
+		if err != nil {
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "mark recovery code as used")
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+
 // generateRecoveryCodes generates N number of recovery codes for 2FA.
 func generateRecoveryCodes(userID int64, n int) ([]*TwoFactorRecoveryCode, error) {
 	recoveryCodes := make([]*TwoFactorRecoveryCode, n)
diff --git a/internal/database/two_factors_test.go b/internal/database/two_factors_test.go
index 925e1d0e8..88db77e14 100644
--- a/internal/database/two_factors_test.go
+++ b/internal/database/two_factors_test.go
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ func TestTwoFactors(t *testing.T) {
 		{"Create", twoFactorsCreate},
 		{"GetByUserID", twoFactorsGetByUserID},
 		{"IsEnabled", twoFactorsIsEnabled},
+		{"UseRecoveryCode", twoFactorsUseRecoveryCode},
 	} {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Cleanup(func() {
@@ -128,3 +129,55 @@ func twoFactorsIsEnabled(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, s *TwoFactorsStore)
 	assert.True(t, s.IsEnabled(ctx, 1))
 	assert.False(t, s.IsEnabled(ctx, 2))
 }
+
+func twoFactorsUseRecoveryCode(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, s *TwoFactorsStore) {
+	// Create 2FA tokens for two users
+	err := s.Create(ctx, 1, "secure-key", "secure-secret")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	err = s.Create(ctx, 2, "secure-key", "secure-secret")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Get recovery codes for both users
+	var user1Codes []TwoFactorRecoveryCode
+	err = s.db.Where("user_id = ?", 1).Find(&user1Codes).Error
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, user1Codes)
+
+	var user2Codes []TwoFactorRecoveryCode
+	err = s.db.Where("user_id = ?", 2).Find(&user2Codes).Error
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, user2Codes)
+
+	// User 1 should be able to use their own recovery code
+	err = s.UseRecoveryCode(ctx, 1, user1Codes[0].Code)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Verify the code is now marked as used
+	var usedCode TwoFactorRecoveryCode
+	err = s.db.Where("id = ?", user1Codes[0].ID).First(&usedCode).Error
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, usedCode.IsUsed)
+
+	// User 1 should NOT be able to use user 2's recovery code
+	// This is the key security test - recovery codes must be scoped by user
+	err = s.UseRecoveryCode(ctx, 1, user2Codes[0].Code)
+	assert.True(t, IsTwoFactorRecoveryCodeNotFound(err), "expected recovery code not found error when using another user's code")
+
+	// User 2's code should still be unused
+	var user2Code TwoFactorRecoveryCode
+	err = s.db.Where("id = ?", user2Codes[0].ID).First(&user2Code).Error
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, user2Code.IsUsed, "user 2's recovery code should not be marked as used")
+
+	// User 2 should be able to use their own code
+	err = s.UseRecoveryCode(ctx, 2, user2Codes[0].Code)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Using an already-used code should fail
+	err = s.UseRecoveryCode(ctx, 1, user1Codes[0].Code)
+	assert.True(t, IsTwoFactorRecoveryCodeNotFound(err), "expected error when reusing a recovery code")
+
+	// Using a non-existent code should fail
+	err = s.UseRecoveryCode(ctx, 1, "invalid-code")
+	assert.True(t, IsTwoFactorRecoveryCodeNotFound(err), "expected error for invalid recovery code")
+}
diff --git a/internal/route/user/auth.go b/internal/route/user/auth.go
index 117ab23c0..b1f0b24e6 100644
--- a/internal/route/user/auth.go
+++ b/internal/route/user/auth.go
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ func LoginTwoFactorRecoveryCodePost(c *context.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err := database.UseRecoveryCode(userID, c.Query("recovery_code")); err != nil {
+	if err := database.Handle.TwoFactors().UseRecoveryCode(c.Req.Context(), userID, c.Query("recovery_code")); err != nil {
 		if database.IsTwoFactorRecoveryCodeNotFound(err) {
 			c.Flash.Error(c.Tr("auth.login_two_factor_invalid_recovery_code"))
 			c.RedirectSubpath("/user/login/two_factor_recovery_code")