chore(demo): move to right directory

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Elian Doran
2025-05-27 18:34:04 +03:00
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<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../style.css">
<base target="_parent">
<title data-trilium-title>Bash scripting</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="content">
<h1 data-trilium-h1>Bash scripting</h1>
<div class="ck-content">
<p><strong>Bash</strong> is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_shell">Unix shell</a> and
<a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_language">command language</a>written by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Fox_(computer_programmer)">Brian Fox</a> for
the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Project">GNU Project</a> as
a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software">free software</a> replacement
for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourne_shell">Bourne shell</a>.
First released in 1989, it has been distributed widely as the default
<a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Login">login</a>shell for most <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux">Linux</a> distributions
and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.">Apple's</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS">macOS</a> (formerly
OS X). A version <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux">is also available for Windows 10</a>.</p>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash_(Unix_shell)">Bash on Wikipedia</a>
</p>
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<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../style.css">
<base target="_parent">
<title data-trilium-title>Bash startup modes</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="content">
<h1 data-trilium-h1>Bash startup modes</h1>
<div class="ck-content">
<h3>Login shell</h3>
<p>As a "login shell", Bash reads and sets (executes) the user's profile
from /etc/profile and one of ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, or ~/.profile
(in that order, using the first one that's readable!).</p>
<p>When a login shell exits, Bash reads and executes commands from the file
~/.bash_logout, if it exists.</p>
<p>Why an extra login shell mode? There are many actions and variable sets
that only make sense for the initial user login. That's why all UNIX® shells
have (should have) a "login" mode.</p>
<p><em><strong>Methods to start Bash as a login shell:</strong></em>
</p>
<ul>
<li>the first character of argv[0] is - (a hyphen): traditional UNIX® shells
start from the login binary</li>
<li>Bash is started with the -l option</li>
<li>Bash is started with the --login option</li>
</ul>
<p><em><strong>Methods to test for login shell mode:</strong></em>
</p>
<ul>
<li>the shell option <a href="http://wiki.bash-hackers.org/internals/shell_options#login_shell">login_shell</a> is
set</li>
</ul>
<p><em><strong>Related switches:</strong></em>
</p>
<ul>
<li>--noprofile disables reading of all profile files</li>
</ul>
<h3>Interactive shell</h3>
<p>When Bash starts as an interactive non-login shell, it reads and executes
commands from ~/.bashrc. This file should contain, for example, aliases,
since they need to be defined in every shell as they're not inherited from
the parent shell.</p>
<p>The feature to have a system-wide /etc/bash.bashrc or a similar system-wide
rc-file is specific to vendors and distributors that ship <em>their own, patched variant of Bash</em>.
The classic way to have a system-wide rc file is to source /etc/bashrc
from every user's ~/.bashrc.</p>
<p><em><strong>Methods to test for interactive-shell mode:</strong></em>
</p>
<ul>
<li>the special parameter $- contains the letter i (lowercase I)</li>
</ul>
<p><em><strong>Related switches:</strong></em>
</p>
<ul>
<li>-i forces the interactive mode</li>
<li>--norc disables reading of the startup files (e.g. /etc/bash.bashrc if
supported) and ~/.bashrc</li>
<li>--rcfile defines another startup file (instead of /etc/bash.bashrc and
~/.bashrc)</li>
</ul>
<h3>SH mode</h3>
<p>When Bash starts in SH compatiblity mode, it tries to mimic the startup
behaviour of historical versions of sh as closely as possible, while conforming
to the POSIX® standard as well. The profile files read are /etc/profile
and ~/.profile, if it's a login shell.</p>
<p>If it's not a login shell, the environment variable <a href="http://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/shellvars#env">ENV</a> is
evaluated and the resulting filename is used as the name of the startup
file.</p>
<p>After the startup files are read, Bash enters the <a href="http://wiki.bash-hackers.org/scripting/bashbehaviour#posix_run_mode">POSIX(r) compatiblity mode (for running, not for starting!)</a>.</p>
<p><em><strong>Bash starts in sh compatiblity mode when:</strong></em>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>the base filename in argv[0] is sh (</p>
<figure class="image">
<img>
</figure>
<p>&nbsp;NB: /bin/sh may be linked to /bin/bash, but that doesn't mean it
acts like /bin/bash&nbsp;</p>
<figure class="image">
<img>
</figure>
<p>)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
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<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../style.css">
<base target="_parent">
<title data-trilium-title>While loop</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="content">
<h1 data-trilium-h1>While loop</h1>
<div class="ck-content">
<p>Documentation: <a href="http://tldp.org/LDP/Bash-Beginners-Guide/html/sect_09_02.html">http://tldp.org/LDP/Bash-Beginners-Guide/html/sect_09_02.html</a>
</p><pre><code class="language-text-x-sh">#!/bin/bash
# This script opens 4 terminal windows.
i="0"
while [ $i -lt 4 ]
do
xterm &amp;
i=$[$i+1]
done</code></pre>
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<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../style.css">
<base target="_parent">
<title data-trilium-title>History</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="content">
<h1 data-trilium-h1>History</h1>
<div class="ck-content">
<p>The <strong>history of Linux</strong> began in 1991 with the commencement
of a personal project by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland">Finnish</a> student
<a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds">Linus Torvalds</a>to create a new free operating system kernel. Since
then, the resulting <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel">Linux kernel</a> has
been marked by constant growth throughout its history. Since the initial
release of its <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code">source code</a> in
1991, it has grown from a small number of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Programming_Language">C</a> files
under a license prohibiting commercial distribution to the 4.2.3 version
in 2015 with more than 18 million lines of source code under the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License">GNU General Public License</a> v2.</p>
</div>
</div>
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<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../style.css">
<base target="_parent">
<title data-trilium-title>Ubuntu</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="content">
<h1 data-trilium-h1>Ubuntu</h1>
<div class="ck-content">
<p>Expand note on the left pane to see content.</p>
</div>
</div>
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<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../style.css">
<base target="_parent">
<title data-trilium-title>Unity shortcuts</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="content">
<h1 data-trilium-h1>Unity shortcuts</h1>
<div class="ck-content">
<ul>
<li>Hold Super - Invoke the Launcher and display the shortcuts</li>
<li>Hold Super, then press 1 or 2 or 3 and so on until 0 to open or focus
an application. The number corresponds to the location of the icon on the
launcher from top to bottom.
<ul>
<li>Adding Shift will open a new instance of the application if it's already
open.</li>
<li>Holding the key is also useful when you want to get to the Launcher but
do not want to invoke the Dash.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Super + T - Open the rubbish bin/trash can.</li>
<li>Alt + F1 - Put keyboard focus on the Launcher, use arrow keys to navigate,
Enter launches an application, Right arrow exposes the quicklists if an
application has them.</li>
<li>Ctrl + Alt + T - Launch a terminal window.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../style.css">
<base target="_parent">
<title data-trilium-title>Intro</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="content">
<h1 data-trilium-h1>Intro</h1>
<div class="ck-content">
<p><strong>Node.js</strong> is an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_software">open-source</a>,
<a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-platform">cross-platform</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript">JavaScript</a>
<a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runtime_system">runtime environment</a>that executes JavaScript code outside of a browser.
Node.js lets developers use JavaScript to write command line tools and
for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server-side_scripting">server-side scripting</a>—running
scripts server-side to produce <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_web_page">dynamic web page</a> content
before the page is sent to the user's web browser.&nbsp;</p>
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<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../style.css">
<base target="_parent">
<title data-trilium-title>Overview</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="content">
<h1 data-trilium-h1>Overview</h1>
<div class="ck-content">
<p>Node.js allows the creation of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_server">Web servers</a> and
networking tools using <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript">JavaScript</a> and
a collection of "modules" that handle various core functionalities.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node.js#cite_note-b3-28">[28]</a>
<a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node.js#cite_note-b1-31">[31]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node.js#cite_note-b2-44">[44]</a>
<a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node.js#cite_note-b4-45">[45]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node.js#cite_note-b5-46">[46]</a> Modules
are provided for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system">file system</a> I/O,
networking (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System">DNS</a>,
<a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP">HTTP</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol">TCP</a>,
<a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security">TLS/SSL</a>, or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol">UDP</a>),
<a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_file">binary</a>data (buffers), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptography">cryptography</a> functions,
<a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_(computing)">data streams</a>, and other core functions.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node.js#cite_note-b1-31">[31]</a>
<a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node.js#cite_note-b4-45">[45]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node.js#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Node.js's
modules use an API designed to reduce the complexity of writing server
applications.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node.js#cite_note-b1-31">[31]</a>
<a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node.js#cite_note-b4-45">[45]</a>
</p>
</div>
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<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../style.css">
<base target="_parent">
<title data-trilium-title>History</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="content">
<h1 data-trilium-h1>History</h1>
<div class="ck-content">
<p>Node.js was written initially by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Dahl">Ryan Dahl</a> in
2009,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node.js#cite_note-training.com-24">[24]</a> about
thirteen years after the introduction of the first server-side JavaScript
environment, Netscape's LiveWire Pro Web.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node.js#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The
initial release supported only Linux and Mac OS X. Its development and
maintenance was led by Dahl and later sponsored by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joyent">Joyent</a>.
<a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node.js#cite_note-Google_Groups_post_by_Ryan_Dahl_about_Joyent-26">[26]</a>
</p>
</div>
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<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../style.css">
<base target="_parent">
<title data-trilium-title>Industry support</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="content">
<h1 data-trilium-h1>Industry support</h1>
<div class="ck-content">
<p>There are thousands of open-source libraries for Node.js, most of them
hosted on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Npm_(software)">npm</a> website.
The Node.js developer community has two main mailing lists and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC">IRC</a> channel
#node.js on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freenode">freenode</a>.&nbsp;</p>
</div>
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../style.css">
<base target="_parent">
<title data-trilium-title>Platform architecture</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="content">
<h1 data-trilium-h1>Platform architecture</h1>
<div class="ck-content">
<p>Node.js brings <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event-driven_programming">event-driven programming</a> to
<a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_server">web servers</a>, enabling development of fast web servers in JavaScript.
<a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node.js#cite_note-b1-31">[31]</a>Developers can create scalable servers without using <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thread_(computing)">threading</a>,
by using a simplified model of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event-driven_programming">event-driven programming</a> that
uses callbacks to signal the completion of a task.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node.js#cite_note-b1-31">[31]</a>
</p>
</div>
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<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../style.css">
<base target="_parent">
<title data-trilium-title>Releases</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="content">
<h1 data-trilium-h1>Releases</h1>
<div class="ck-content">
<p>New major releases of Node.js are cut from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitHub">GitHub</a> master
branch every six months. Even-numbered versions are cut in April and odd-numbered
versions are cut in October. When a new odd version is released, the previous
even version undergoes transition to Long Term Support (LTS), which gives
that version 18 months of active support from the date it is designated
LTS.</p>
</div>
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<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../style.css">
<base target="_parent">
<title data-trilium-title>Bash scripting</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="content">
<h1 data-trilium-h1>Bash scripting</h1>
<div class="ck-content">
<p>This is a clone of a note. Go to its <a href="../Linux/Bash%20scripting.html">primary location</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
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<base target="_parent">
<title data-trilium-title>Java</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="content">
<h1 data-trilium-h1>Java</h1>
<div class="ck-content"></div>
</div>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../style.css">
<base target="_parent">
<title data-trilium-title>Trusted timestamping</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="content">
<h1 data-trilium-h1>Trusted timestamping</h1>
<div class="ck-content">
<p>This is a clone of a note. Go to its <a href="../../Journal/2021/11%20-%20November/28%20-%20Tuesday/Trusted%20timestamping.html">primary location</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>